In this work, we derive an analytical model to predict the appearance of all possible radiation-induced steady states and their associated microstructures in immiscible A_c[over ¯]B_1-c[over ¯] alloys, an example of a nonequilibrium dynamical system. This model is assessed against numerical simulations and experimental results which show that different microstructures characterized by the patterning of A-rich precipitates can emerge under irradiation. We demonstrate that the steady-state microstructure is governed by irradiation conditions and also by the average initial concentration of the alloy c[over ¯]. Such a dependence offers new leverage for tailoring materials with specific microstructures overcoming limitations imposed by the equilibrium thermodynamic phase diagram.The continuous spontaneous localization model solves the measurement problem of standard quantum mechanics by coupling the mass density of a quantum system to a white-noise field. Since the mass density is not uniquely defined in general relativity, this model is ambiguous when applied to cosmology. We however show that most natural choices of the density contrast already make current measurements of the cosmic microwave background incompatible with other laboratory experiments.We report four narrow peaks in the Ξ_b^0K^- mass spectrum obtained using pp collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13&nbsp;TeV, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 9??fb^-1 recorded by the LHCb experiment. Referring to these states by their mass, the mass values are m[Ω_b(6316)^-]=6315.64±0.31±0.07±0.50??MeV, m[Ω_b(6330)^-]=6330.30±0.28±0.07±0.50??MeV, m[Ω_b(6340)^-]=6339.71±0.26±0.05±0.50??MeV, m[Ω_b(6350)^-]=6349.88±0.35±0.05±0.50??MeV, where the uncertainties are statistical, systematic, and the last is due to the knowledge of the Ξ_b^0 mass. The natural widths of the three lower mass states are consistent with zero, and the 90%&nbsp;confidence-level upper limits are determined to be Γ[Ω_b(6316)^-] less then 2.8??MeV, Γ[Ω_b(6330)^-] less then 3.1??MeV and Γ[Ω_b(6340)^-] less then 1.5??MeV. The natural width of the Ω_b(6350)^- peak is 1.4_-0.8^+1.0±0.1??MeV, which is 2.5σ from zero and corresponds to an upper limit of 2.8&nbsp;MeV. The peaks have local significances ranging from 3.6σ to 7.2σ. After accounting for the look-elsewhere effect, the significances of the Ω_b(6316)^- and Ω_b(6330)^- peaks are reduced to 2.1σ and 2.6σ, respectively, while the two higher mass peaks exceed 5σ. The observed peaks are consistent with expectations for excited Ω_b^- resonances.For rapidly rotating turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection in a slender cylindrical cell, experiments and direct numerical simulations reveal a boundary zonal flow (BZF) that replaces the classical large-scale circulation. The BZF is located near the vertical side wall and enables enhanced heat transport there. Although the azimuthal velocity of the BZF is cyclonic (in the rotating frame), the temperature is an anticyclonic traveling wave of mode one, whose signature is a bimodal temperature distribution near the radial boundary. The BZF width is found to scale like Ra^1/4Ek^2/3 where the Ekman number Ek decreases with increasing rotation rate.Rotationally resonant metamaterials are leveraged to answer a longstanding question regarding the existence of transformation-invariant elastic materials and the ad&nbsp;hoc possibility of transformation-based passive cloaking in full plane elastodynamics. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pepstatin-a.html Combined with tailored lattice geometries, rotational resonance is found to induce a polar and chiral behavior, that is, a behavior lacking stress and mirror symmetries, respectively. The central, and simple, idea is that a population of rotating resonators can exert a density of body torques strong enough to modify the balance of angular momentum on which hang these symmetries. The obtained polar metamaterials are used as building blocks of a cloaking device. Numerical tests show satisfactory cloaking performance under pressure and shear probing waves, further coupled through a free boundary. The work sheds new light on the phenomenon of resonance in metamaterials and should help put transformation elastodynamics on equal footing with transformation acoustics and optics.The equilibrium atomic interface structure between Ga and GaN(0001) is shown to contain substrate surface vacancies followed by substrate-induced layering and preferential lateral ordering in the liquid. The uncovered presence of point defects, in the form of vacancies at both sides of the solid-liquid interface, is an important structural feature which governs the local physical properties. Our x-ray diffraction study reveals that the layering is very stable and persists up to a temperature of 1123&nbsp;K and a nitrogen pressure of 32&nbsp;bar. The Ga layer spacing agrees remarkably well with the Friedel oscillation period for this system.We show that heavy-ion collisions at the LHC provide a promising environment to search for new long-lived particles in well-motivated new physics scenarios. One advantage lies in the possibility to operate the main detectors with looser triggers, which can increase the number of observable events by orders of magnitude if the long-lived particles are produced with low transverse momentum. In addition, the absence of pileup in heavy-ion collisions can avoid systematic nuisances that will be present in future proton runs, such as the problem of vertex misidentification. Finally, there are new production mechanisms that are absent or inefficient in proton collisions. We show that the looser triggers alone can make searches in heavy-ion data competitive with proton data for the specific example of heavy neutrinos in the neutrino minimal standard model, produced in the decay of B mesons. Our results suggest that collisions of ions lighter than lead, which are currently under discussion in the heavy-ion community, are well motivated from the viewpoint of searches for new physics.Metallic glasses deform elastically under stress. However, the atomic-level origin of elastic properties of metallic glasses remain unclear. In this Letter using ab&nbsp;initio molecular dynamics simulations of the Cu_50Zr_50 metallic glass under shear strain, we show that the heterogeneous stress relaxation results in the increased charge transfer from Zr to Cu atoms, enhancing the softening of the shear modulus. Changes in compositional short-range order and atomic position shifts due to the nonaffine deformation are discussed. It is shown that the Zr subsystem exhibits a stiff behavior, whereas the displacements of Cu atoms from their initial positions, induced by the strain, provide the stress drop and softening.